Thursday, September 3, 2020

Philip Larkins Faith Healing Essay -- Philip Larkin Faith Healing Poe

How regular as far as subject, topic, structure and versification is Confidence Healing by Larkin? Philip Larkin's Faith Healing In 1964, Philip Larkin distributed his third book of verse, entitled 'The Whitsun Weddings'. One of the numerous widely praised sonnets was 'Confidence Healing'. In this exposition, I expect to investigate how run of the mill this sonnet is as far as subject, topic, structure and versification. In Faith Healing, ladies rush to an American Faith Healer for a favoring. The persona of the sonnet is composed from an outcast's point of view, glancing in at this sight. Confidence Healing is partitioned into three verses, every one of ten lines. Rhyming pentameter is utilized to give 5 significant worries to every one of the 10 lines. The three refrains really add to the activity of the sonnet. In the primary verse, the ladies go ahead to the Faith Healer; in the second, they leave and 'Timidly stray'. At long last, the sonnet finishes up with the third verse where Larkin investigations the circumstance. This versification is undoubtedly very commonplace all through The Whitsun Weddings. 'Here' is another sonnet from this assortment, and Larkin again composes in predictable rhyming. He utilizes the customary versification to depict an excursion from a modern city to a spot where substantially more fulfillment can be picked up. This excursion was likewise mapped by the structure of the sonnet. Larkin composed 4 verses and every one denoted a movement in the excursion. This is like Faith Healing where every verse moves the story onto the following occasion or event. It is a comparable case for 'Mr Bleaney' where each line is written in poetic pattern, with just a single exemption for the principal line. This sonnet likewise recounts to a story with the initial four stanzas being clear befo... ...t we truly want while Faith Healing recommends that on the off chance that these ladies had understood their depression before throughout everyday life, they could have adored and been cherished in kind. This is just a slight distinction; yet merits thinking about when posing the inquiry of the ordinariness of Faith Healing. Generally, I feel that the similitudes exceed the distinctions and it can be presumed that Faith Healing is infact very like a determination of different sonnets in Whitsun Weddings. There are a few contrasts and Faith Healing is remarkable in certain regards, for example, Larkin not encountering this occasion by and by. Be that as it may, in general Faith Recuperating is a run of the mill Larkin sonnet, with hardship and forlornness as topics, measured rhyming and enjambment as language highlights and with at first illustrative refrain's before proceeding onward to close with a intelligent and mindful scene.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Human Capital Management free essay sample

Human Capital Management Hafidz Surapranata 19009166 School of Business Management CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Human Capital Management The definition is that the administration of an associations workers. While human asset the executives is now and then alluded to as a delicate administration ability, viable practice inside an association requires a vital concentration to guarantee that individuals assets can encourage the accomplishment of hierarchical objectives. Successful human asset the executives likewise contains a component of hazard the executives for an association, which is as a base, guarantees authoritative consistence. Self-improvement Plan (PDP) Personal Development Plan is best portrayed as close to home arranging strategy to create ones abilities sets because of satisfaction of employment necessities or want in expanding individual skills through activity plans dependent on mindfulness, values, reflection, objective setting and getting ready for self-awareness inside the setting of profession, instruction, relationship, or simply personal development or self-realization. In light of the two definitions, we could see that Human Capital Management has a significant job towards PDP and an organization on the grounds that the relationship is unmistakably reliable. By utilizing PDP technique in Human Capital Management, we could characterize the separation in discovering representatives aptitudes that identified with the activity examination and employment prerequisites itself. So that is the reason PDP is essential to HCM or even in reverse as a result of this we could know whether the representative aptitudes is fit or not for the organization inside the activity necessity. Future Job Expectation later on, my fantasy work desire is to work in one of the greatest oil organization on the planet. The organization which I needed to pick is Total Oil Company, the explanation I is needed to work at Total Oil Company is on the grounds that my other dream is additionally to be in Paris from my youth where I could see the Eiffel Tower and taste of the deserts of Paris Foods, I appreciated preparing and food since I was still I kid. It will be a life-changing encounter to me to work in Total Oil Company. I generally trust that some time or another in the event that I could occur in working at Total, I will get an opportunity to be the CEO of Total Company. Being an understudy in SBM ITB could assist me with accomplishing the future Job that I wished to be the CEO, since I was shown numerous information on the best way to deal with an organization and advise how take care of issue in numerous perspective particularly Human Resource Subjects. Expected set of responsibilities The Description of CEO of Total is to lead, control, oversee and furthermore make a superior vision and execution than before where I could the organization to fruitful and the top oil organization on the planet. I will make an incredible group dependent on their division and authority where they need to concentrate on their activity work area, yet they additionally must be adaptable to hold hand towards all the division on the off chance that they required any assistance after they finish their activity course of events. I will likewise attempt to extend through around Indonesia where I could contend emphatically with pertamina. Organization Total S. A. is a French global oil organization and one of the six Supermajor oil organizations on the planet. Its organizations spread the whole oil and gas chain, from raw petroleum and flammable gas investigation and creation to control age, transportation, refining, oil based commodity showcasing, and universal raw petroleum and item exchanging. Complete is likewise an enormous scope synthetic concoctions producer. The organization has its administrative center in the Tour Total in the La Defense locale in Courbevoie, close to Paris. History The organization was established after World War I after the French Prime Minister Raymond Poincare dismissed framing an association with Royal Dutch Shell for making a totally French oil organization. At Poincares command, Col. Ernest Mercier enrolled the help of ninety banks and organizations to establish Total on 28 March 1924, as the Compagnie francaise des petroles (CFP), actually the French Petroleum Company. Oil was viewed as indispensable on account of another war with Germany. In any case, the organization was from the beginning a private area organization (it was recorded on the Paris Stock Exchange without precedent for 1929). CFP took up the 23. 75% portion of Deutsche Bank in the Turkish Petroleum Company (renamed the Iraq Petroleum Company), granted to France as pay for war harms brought about by Germany during World War I by the San Remo meeting. In 1991 the organization name turned out to be essentially Total. After Totals takeover of Petrofina in 1999, it got known as Total Fina. A short time later it likewise obtained Elf Aquitaine. First named TotalFinaElf after the merger in 2000, it was later renamed back to Total in May 2003. Starting at 2010, Total had more than 96,000 workers and worked in excess of 130 nations [2] as of late as 1992, the French government despite everything held 5% of the organizations shares, down from a pinnacle of more than 30%. In the timeframe somewhere in the range of 1990 and 1994, remote responsibility for firm expanded from 23 percent to 44 percent. Hypothetical Background * Competency The meaning of capability or competency is capacity of a person to play out work appropriately. A competency is a lot of characterized practices that give an organized guide empowering the ID, assessment and advancement of the practices in singular workers. Competency frequently observes as a mix of information, aptitudes and conduct used to improve execution; or as the state or nature of being enough or all around qualified, being able to play out a particular job. For example, the board competency may incorporate frameworks thinking and enthusiastic insight, and aptitudes in impact and arrangement. Additionally considered as a mix of information, aptitudes and conduct used to improve execution; or as the state or nature of being enough or very much qualified, being able to play out a particular job. Using ability as a proportion of occupation value was presented in 1973 by â€Å"David McLelland† who recommended that the best proportion of a person’s work value was through a proportion of fitness and not by straightforward knowledge, an idea that turned into a discovery at that point. Presently ability estimation turns into a standard that numerous organizations stick to, estimating whether an individual merits utilizing or not, by estimating all parts of fitness. * Career It’s an occupation attempted for a huge time of a people life and with open doors for progress. It additionally could be characterized as course or progress through life. Every individual should design their profession later on the grounds that somebody can get mindful of individual abilities, interests, information, inspirations, and different attributes, and sets up activity intends to accomplish explicit objectives as of late. The vast majority could procure a fortunate or unfortunate vocation; it relies upon how they respond and aptitudes towards the position that they dealt with. * Training is portrayed as a progression of projects that expects to give abilities, information, and capabilities to an individual be it hypothetical, professional, or viable. The aptitudes that are given are usually helpful and pertinent to the company’s needs, expanding the competency of representatives so they can play out their employments better, expanding efficiency and, in the long run, productivity. As per Hani Handoko (2001), Training is a procedure planned to improve the dominance of different abilities and methods of executing a specific work, point by point and standard. The advantages of preparing and advancement are : * Improve the exhibition * Allows workers to utilize HR frameworks all the more adequately * Reducing representative turnover * Motivate representatives with vocation advancement and arranging * Improving the abilities of representatives * Improving the viability of self-representatives Training could likewise be isolated into a few strategies relies upon each organization. The organizations must be consider about the expense and advantage for them on the off chance that they use preparing to improving their representatives execution. Time, cost of learner, offices, materials, and misfortunes of profitability are the average costs that organizations must looked on. Then again, by utilizing that costs, benefits are likewise picked up.

Friday, August 21, 2020

How Practitioners Can Take Steps Essay Example for Free

How Practitioners Can Take Steps Essay h)Explain how specialists can find a way to ensure themselves inside their regular practice in the work setting and on off-site visits. A critical component of a practitioner’s job in securing themselves is understood arrangements and techniques that are set up to defend them and kids or youngsters in their consideration. In a school setting an expert can secure themselves by. All staff in schools ought to guarantee that their associations with students are suitable to the age, sexual orientation, incapacity and ethnic cause of the understudies, taking consideration that their lead doesn't offer ascent to remark or hypothesis. Perspectives, attitude and language all require care and thought, especially when staff of either sex are managing juvenile young men and young ladies. Dress and Appearance :A person’s dress and appearance are matters of individual decision and selfexpression. Anyway it is important and shrewd for staff to think about the way of dress and appearance suitable to their expert job, instead of that which might be embraced in their own life. Dress and Appearance A person’s dress and appearance are matters of individual decision and selfexpression. Anyway it is fundamental and insightful for staff to think about the way of dress and appearance suitable to their expert job, rather than that which might be received in their own life. Physical Contact Unnecessary physical contact with understudies : A student, parent or spectator may confound physical contact. Such contact can incorporate well deliberate casual and formal motions, for example, putting a hand on the shoulder or arm, which whenever rehashed with an individual student could prompt genuine inquiries being raised. Along these lines, as a general rule, representatives must not reach students and it is indiscreet to credit contacting to their style or as a method of identifying with understudies. Rehashed physical contact with a student might be amateurish and may prompt disciplinary strategies or a claim of physical/sexual maltreatment. Any type of physical discipline of students is unlawful, just like any type of physical reaction to trouble making except if it is by method of restriction. It is especially significant that staff get this, to secure their own position and the general notoriety of the school. Where physical contact might be satisfactory: There might be, particularly with more youthful kids, occasionsâ where an upset understudy needs solace and consolation, which may incorporate physical soothing. Such consolation could for instance, include an arm around the shoulder or a soothing embrace. Representatives should utilize their caution in such cases to guarantee that what is, and what apparently is by others present, typical and characteristic doesn't become pointless contact, especially with a similar understudy over some stretch of time. Where a representative has a specific worry about the need to give this kind of care and consolation he/she should look for the exhortation of the Head. Obviously those working with babies and little youngsters have a serious diverse task to carry out from those engaged with optional young or developing kids in essential/auxiliary/uncommon schools. Some little youngsters may require a lot of solace and backing to assist them with managing everyday encounters in school life. Thinking about Pupils with Particular Problems : All youngsters reserve an option to wellbeing, security and respect when contact of a cozy nature is required (for instance helping with toileting or taking off wet/dirtied dress). A consideration plan ought to be drawn up and concurred with guardians though kids who require cozy couldn't care less all the time. Youngsters ought to be urged to go about as autonomously as could be expected under the circumstances and to attempt as their very own lot individual consideration as is practicable. At the point when help is required, staff ought to guarantee that another suitable grown-up is in the region and knows about the assignment to be attempted. Emergency treatment and Administration of Medication: When controlling emergency treatment, staff ought to guarantee that another grown-up is available, or mindful of the move being made, at whatever point conceivable. Guardians ought to consistently be educated when medical aid has been controlled. Students may require prescription during school hours. In conditions where kids need drug consistently, a social insurance plan ought to be attracted up to guarantee the security and assurance of understudies and staff. With the consent of guardians, the youngsters ought to be urged to direct the prescription themselves. On the off chance that an individual from staff is concerned or questionable about the sum or sort of medicine being given to an understudy, this ought to be examined with the suitable senior associate at the soonest opportunity. See DOH/.DfES Guijdance: First Aid for Schools Private gatherings with understudies: Teacher ought to know about the threats that may emerge from private meetings with singular students. It is perceived that there will be events when classified meetings must happen at the same time, where conceivable, such interviewsâ should be directed in a stay with visual access, or with the entryway open, or in a room or territory which is probably going to be frequented by others. In their dealings with students at school, staff should know that their activities might be confounded. Demonstrations of preference ought to be prepared for, for example, giving a student a preposterous measure of private individual consideration. Giving an understudy customary lifts home is certifiably not a reasonable strategy. Fascination: Staff should know that understudies can be unequivocally pulled in to an individual from staff and may build up a hetero or gay fixation. All circumstances ought to be reacted to delicately to keep up the respect of all concerned. Staff ought to likewise know that such conditions consistently convey a high danger of words or activities being misjudged and for claims to be made against staff. An individual from staff who becomes mindful that a student may have built up a fixation (on themselves or an associate), ought to talk about this at the most punctual open door with a senior partner so suitable move can be made where fundamental. Along these lines, steps can be taken to maintain a strategic distance from hurt and trouble for all concerned. Staff should know that it isn't extraordinary for a student to build up a fascination on an individual from staff. Educational program: The educational program can now and again incorporate or lead to impromptu conversation about topic which is explicitly unequivocal, or of an in any case delicate nature. Reacting to pupils’ questions can require cautious judgment and staff may wish to take direction in these conditions. Instructive Visits and Extra Curricular Activities All staff should be especially cautious when administering students in a private setting, for example, a field study trip or other broadened visits from home. So also the less proper methodology maybe embraced in extra curricular exercises for the most part may be available to confusion. Albeit progressively casual connections in such conditions will in general be normal, the standard of conduct expected of staff will be the same as the conduct expected inside schools. Youngsters are qualified for regard and protection when changing garments or scrubbing down. In any case, there should be a necessary degree of oversight to protect youngsters and fulfill wellbeing and security contemplations and to guarantee that harassing or prodding doesn't happen. The management should be fitting to the necessities and age ofâ the youngsters concerned. In specific circumstances staff or volunteers might be required to move youngsters. Given the potential dangers, an assigned individual from staff ought to be selected to design and give oversight of all shipping game plans and react to any troubles that may emerge. At every possible opportunity and practicable it is prudent that transport is attempted other than in private vehicles, with in any event one grown-up going about as an escort. Staff ought to guarantee that their conduct is sheltered and that the vehicle courses of action and the vehicle meet every single legitimate necessity. They ought to guarantee that the vehicle is roadworthy and that the greatest limit isn't surpassed. http://www.merton.gov.uk/board/pdf-developingsafeworkingpractices.pdf

Monday, June 8, 2020

Essay on “Ethics and true and fair view in financial reporting”

Essay on â€Å"Ethics and true and fair view in financial reporting† Financial reporting Financial reporting according to Pervan et al. (2010) is presenting all the relevant financial information of a business in a structured way for easy comprehension. A look at Tesco’s financial statements, there is a clear indication that that it is specifically aimed at impressing the shareholders(Tesco, 2012). The company may be giving true and accurate information but the focus is on creating benefit to stakeholders involved including customers and shareholders. For instance, the review by the chief executive focuses on strengthening the company for the future and there are numerous illustrations that show the company’s impressive performance and organizational culture(Tesco, 2012). Just like in many other company reports, too much focus is laid on the positive outcomes about the company’s operations. According to Hardin (2002), this is a common way for corporate to use financial reporting as a means of hiding behind formalities(Hardin, 2002). Financial reporting is not only crucial to the companies that send out the report but also to public agencies, competitors, business partners, consumers and investors who receive and use the reports. Enderlie (2004) says that during reporting, companies portray and explicitly convey an image of their philosophies and activities to the public. He further says that the companies use reporting as a means to enhance their reputation and be accountable for their activities and objectives. With regards to the recipients of the report, Enderlie says that they need some truthful information to base their decision on and to hold the corporations accountable(Enderlie, 2004). This further implies that financial reports cannot primarily be designed for shareholders alone. Companies cannot make an assumption that shareholders are finance specialists or the industry. It is for this reason that other users such as banks, customers, suppliers, governments, and employees have to be considered during preparation of the report. There is a lot of vested interest from all these recipients. Other authors such as Albert (2002) agree with these assertions of Enderlie (2004). Albert even goes ahead to cite examples of cases that support the importance of ethics in financial reporting. For instance, the collapse of Enron was due to unethical practices in financial reporting. The free market policy is basically made possible by the ability of stakeholders to properly evaluate the financial disclosures of companies(Criado-jimà ©nez, et al., 2008). The accuracy of the information presented in the financial reports is not supposed to be subjected to individual evaluation by stakeholders. However, the interpretation of the information in the reports is subject to individual evaluation(Enderlie, 2004). Aims of financial reporting There are several aims of financial reporting identified by scholars. Frecka (2008) says that financial reporting is useful in identifying the economic resources of a company. The reports can also be used to identify the claims to economic resources of a company and the impact that circumstances, events, and transactions will have on the identified resources(Ionescu, 2010). Potential and existing investors and creditors are among the group of focus in financial reporting. This is because they use the statements to assess the uncertainty, timing, and amount of cash inflows to a company(Jo Kim, 2008). In addition, financial reporting is useful to both potential and existing creditors and investors for making important decisions relating to investment and credits(Frecka, 2008). The role of ethics in financial reporting According to surveys conducted by Gallup, there is evidence of dishonesty by business people in the corporate world. Compared to other sectors, the poll showed that business people have a 25 percent level of honoring ethical practices in their reporting(Marx Els, 2009). This is quite a low figure. Gibson (2002) says that it is likely that such polls are discriminating and biased against corporations. However, the one thing that makes them to be more accurate and significant is the fact that they are individually reviewed(Gibson, 2002). Because of the numerous concerns about the accuracy and comprehensiveness of corporate financial reporting, analysts have always sought to answer the question whether corporations use financial reporting to hide behind their formalities or represent a true substance of their performance(Palmrose Saul, 2001). Ethics in financial reporting therefore refers to the standards and requirements of trust and transparency by auditors, certifiers, corporate, and any other individual who uses the financial reports. According to Staubus (2005), little attention was given to truthfulness and honesty in reporting before the occurrence of the major scandals of Enron and Andersen in the US. Staubus notes that the reports were believed to be accurate because ofthey were subjected to auditing by publicly recognized auditors. But the point is that auditors can also take part in unethical practices in financial reporting. He therefore notes that the ethics of reporting is a serious problem witnessed by professionals within the financial sector(Zeff, 2003). The problem is not only concentrated in the US but also in companies from other regions such as Europe(Blake, et al., 1996). Trust and truthfulness of financial reporting is argued to be very complex and that it takes more than just decisions and actions of accounting professionals and corporate executives to enforce ethical practices in reporting(Xu, et al., 2007). Even though the cited cases of Enron and Andersen indicated that the problem lied at the micro level or the individual level of all aspect of a company, it would still be unfair to lay blame on individuals(Jo Kim, 2008). The macro level or the regulatory level can also be considered since it plays a significant role in preventing unethical practices in reporting. Importance of ethics It is important to have ethical standards in financial management as well as reporting because issues to do with finances can sometimes make professionals do strange things(Stolowy Breton, 2004). Most of the applications used in accounting and finance are designed in such a way that organizations and their constituents can use them to their benefits. This makes it possible for accounting and finance professionals to move around numbers in all different ways just to ensure they add up in a particular manner(Roychowdbury, 2006). In response to such kind of practices, companies have to adopt ethics in financial management so that they can have a source of guidance. Without the moral barometer, cases of mismanagement and unethical practices in reporting will remain to be witnessed. Frecka (2008) says that without considering ethical standards in reporting, it is hard to create limitations or boundaries to corporate culture. With the nature of accounting, management decisions about statements and financial reports become necessary. Management decisions impact reporting and cause it to range from fraud to high quality reporting at both extreme ends of the spectrum(Rockness Rockness, 2005). This implies that some management decisions during financial reporting can be regarded as unethical but not fraudulent(Kalbers, 2009). The three ethics models that are commonly used in management decision include deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. When considering the Kant’s deontological approach to ethical decision making, the results or consequences of action has little significance in establishing what is right or wrong(Nandi, 2006). This implies that the consequences of unethical practices in financial reporting have very little significance of determining whether the practices are moral or immoral. In this view, the end is not related to the means used to reach the end and the results cannot be used to justify the means. Therefore, Kant argues that the bottom line is to maintain the standards of morality irrespective of the outcome(Nandi, 2006). When it comes to financial reporting, as long as a company meets the standards of reporting, the outcome does not matter. The other model of ethical decision making is utilitarianism which gives considerations to the consequences of an action. Essentially, this approach requires individuals to only do the actions that have the best results. According to Ugleitta (2001), in order for an individual to act morally, he or she has to choose the actions that bring the best outcome. Therefore, if an individual is aware that the outcome or consequence of one action is better compared to those of another action, common sense should dictate that the individual chooses the one with the best outcome. Utilitarianism can be used in making financial decision in organizations(Bok, 1999). Lastly, according to virtue ethics model, a lot of emphasis is laid on moral characters or virtues. It contrasts with deontological approach which emphasizes on rules or duties and utilitarian approach which emphasizes on the consequences of an action. Supposing it is obvious that accounting professionals should always give true and accurate information during reporting, a virtue ethicists will point out to the fact it is good to be honest. According to the utilitarian model, the argument will be based on the fact that giving truthful information has consequences beneficial to many people; while deontologists will argue that giving truthful information honors rules and standards of morality despite the outcome(Nandi, 2006). Trust and transparency are the most basic aspects in proper financial reporting. Looking at this from the angle of utilitarianism, finance managers have to be aware that the trust and transparency will bring the best positive and beneficial outcome in reporting. The benefits of transparency and trust will be felt by the company as well as every other recipient of financial reporting. The confidence of shareholders, employees, governments, banks, suppliers, and customers to companies will increase(Pervan, et al., 2010). On the contrary, if financial managers decide to engage in unethical practices during reporting, the outcome will be detrimental to all the stakeholders involved as well as the company. Some of the cases cited as examples of compromised ethical standards in finance reporting provided by Albert (2002) include: the case of IBM, Global Crossing, and Enron. True and fair view in financial reporting True and fair view in financial reporting has been a subject to debate by many financial analysts with regards to their usefulness, importance, and meaning. In addition, the general accepted principles of accounting have also been subjected to debate. According to Kirk (2001), true and fair view in financial reporting is closely associated with judgment. He distinguishes the true and fair view from the general accepted accounting principles and says that the latter tends to be rule based as there are established standards expected to be followed. Kirk points out that there is no specific definition in true and fair judgment in financial accounting. This therefore allows users to make professional judgment and find meaning of the phrase ‘true and fair’ through usage(Blake, et al., 1996). Interpretation of accounting statements requires fairness and truth in order for the information presented within the statements to be reliable. Assets and liabilities reported in financi al statements have to have a one to one relationship with the quantities they purport to measure(Blake, et al., 1996). What is considered to be true and fair, can only be established through professional judgment. The intention behind the use of this view is associated with the wider moral stances within the society. The view makes an attempt to balance between the abuse and use of power during reporting by providing judgment based on legal standards. Several scholars have agreed to the fact that both the terms truth and fair do not have precise definition(Blake, et al., 1996). For instance, truth has a nature to be either absolute or relative. However, despite this fact, the concept of truth has been applied in accounting and research. The concept of fairness has also been described to be very open. It varies in several degrees and subjected to individual interpretation and application. Scholars, and analysts also agree to the fact that time and place can be factor that causes both truth and fairness to vary(Blake, et al., 1996). It is for this reason that one cannot be surprised when such varying patterns are witnessed during financial reporting. The concept of true and fair view is therefore a very slippery one when relating it in accounting and financial reporting. Circumstances can actually be used to give meaning to the concept rather than the definition of the concept. According to (Jo Kim, 2008), in order for financial managers to achieve a true a fair judgment in their reporting, they have to present data both in a manner that is easily understood by others and a manner that is impartial. This is however in contrast to the definition of fairness by other authors, who tend to describe the concept as applying judgment to rules and standards which are already established. Instead of being neutral to matters that raise different interest, it is only fair if one follows the rules. Other authors have also leaned more towards the general accepted accounting principles to be the description of truth and fair(Blake, et al., 1996). Hence, when the accounting principles are applied consistently, it will amount to true and fair judgment. From the discussion of the concept of true and fair view in application of accounting theory and general reporting, it is clear that financial reports go against the three ethical models. Both fairness and truth are considered to be relative, abstract, and subject to individual interpretation. Circumstances and time can be used to determine application of financial standards during reporting. The model of utilitarianism may fail to apply during financial reporting because the outcome does not matter. The concept of fairness and truth allows different circumstances to determine whether to apply standards of financial reporting. The Tesco financial statement 2012 uses the model of utilitarianism where a lot of consideration is given to the outcome of the accounting practices. The company focuses on ensuring that the financial reporting brings benefit to all the stakeholders involved.

Sunday, May 17, 2020

From An Ordinary Man Analysis - 866 Words

Racial hatred is prejudice and hostility targeting groups of color or ethnic backgrounds in various ways. â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel is a story about the authors experience during the Holocaust and how he survived through the harsh treatment of the concentration camps. Paul Rusesabagina’s â€Å"From An Ordinary Man† is about how the author saved many people from an ongoing tribe attack by putting them in his hotel. In Elie Wiesel’s â€Å"Night†and Paul Rusesabaginas â€Å"From An Ordinary Man†, both the authors use of overall purpose, theme, and use of rhetoric help tell the stories of survivors. In these novels the theme I chose was racial prejudice, were it also gives a message racism and how far it could go. Further into â€Å"From An Ordinary† its†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"An Ordinary Man† Paul tries to persuade the Hutu soldier to not kill his family and friends and paid for their lives â€Å"It’s was the price we had finally agreed on: a million Rwandan francs for everyone†. The German soldiers persuaded the Jews to to get on the train. However â€Å"Night† states some rhetoric to help others, when the Maria the christian made to try to persuade the Wiesel family to hide in the hut with her, â€Å"Our former maid came to see us. Sobbing, she begged us to come with her†. After reading these two novels I think the overall purpose of these authors is for Paul to inform the reader about racial hatred and Elie to describe his experience during the holocaust. Paul talks about how humanity should be â€Å"Kindness is not an illusion and violence is not a rule. The true resting state of human affairs is not represented by a man hacking his neighbor into pieces with a machete. That is a sick aberration. No, the true state of human affairs is life as it ought to be lived.†. Elie goes describes what he saw, felt, and thought about during his time in the concentration camp â€Å"Blessed be Gods name? Why, but why would I bless Him? Every fiber in me rebelled. 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Most literature suggests that while Hitler had some level of power over Himmler and the rest of the Nazi Party’s inner circle, they were also well aware of the extent and implications of their actions. Despite this, the atrocities of the HolocaustRead MoreBenefits Of The Financial Services Industry Outweigh The Disadvantages1396 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a growing tendency and a method for people dealing with their income, while portfolio is an important investment vehicle. In the same time, financial services industry has played a critical part in making investment portfolio available to ordinary people. In this essay, the meaning and functions of portfolio will be analyzed and it will argue the advantages of the financial services industry outweigh the disadvantages. Firstly, portfolio theory has become an essential strategy in the modernRead MoreThe Deconstruction of Raskolnikov as ÃÅ"bermensch Essay examples1427 Words   |  6 Pagesopposition of Raskolnikov’s assumed identity. It is the debasement of a man-god, to be more apt a superman, who is ever so close to falling off the perch and into the abyss. â€Å"It was impossible to be sure, but it seemed to Raskolnikov that his face again wore its coldly hostile and triumphant smile† (231). Raskolnikov as the extraordinary man seeks not greatness but justice to serve his pursuits. The elevation is left to the ordinary people who are willing subordinates as puppets along the string. ThisRead MoreComparing Frege And Russells View On Proper Names1687 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent. How so? Do you think Russell s view or Frege s view is superior? 2032431 Gottob Frege and Bertrand Russell are descriptivists, this is apparent with regard to proper names. I demonstrate how their theories are different from each other with respect to proper names, sentences and their ability to resolve the problems of subsitutivity and negative existentials. I argue that Russell’s theory is superior as it can handle negative existentials but that it is also subject toRead MoreEssay Ordinary Men by Christopher Browning1256 Words   |  6 PagesOrdinary Men by Christopher Browning I. Ordinary Men is the disconcerting examination of how a typical unit of middle-aged reserve policemen became active participants in the slaughter of tens of thousands of Polish Jews. Reserve Police Battalion 101 was made up of approximately 500 men most from working and lower-middle-class neighborhoods in Hamburg Germany. They were police reservists, not trained in combat, some of whom worked with and had been friendly with Jews before the war. Read MoreThe Abc Murders1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe ABC Murders - Summary and analysis Summary (Spoiler Alert): Hastings, Hercule Poirots partner and assistant, returns to Britain, just as Poirot receives a sinister letter from an unknown person under the alias ABC. The letter says, that he should look out for Andover, on the 21st of the month. Just as stated in the letter, something happens on the 21st. A woman in Andover, named Alice Asher, turns up dead. On the crime scene an ABC railway guide is found, and Andover is marked. The policeRead MoreMusà ©e des Beaux Arts by W. H. Auden Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagesperceptions and how we use them to observe, or block out human suffering. While we are doing ordinary things like eating, or opening a window, bad things can be happening to others and it is as easy as looking up, to see what is actually going on. Auden illustrates societies’ indifference to human suffering through the form of his poem and by alluding to artwork that compares human perceptions and juxtaposes ordinary images with images of suffering and tragedy. The form of Musà ©e des Beaux Arts plays anRead More1984 Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesWinston: Oceania Hero Or Not? â€Å"George Orwell once offered this definition of heroism: ordinary people doing whatever they can to change social systems that do not respect human decency, even with the knowledge that they can’t possibly succeed.† In George Orwell’s novel, 1984, the protagonist, Winston Smith is described in words of being the ordinary, everyday man to the dystopian society that Orwell envisions to us through Winston’s eyes. the life of a Oceanian citizen. However, in the closing

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

London by William Blake and Upon Westminster Bridge by...

London by William Blake and Upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth This essay aims to compare and contrast the differences and similarities between the two poems London and Upon Westminster Bridge. They both create powerful, contrasting images but are both similar in the use of language and exaggeration. The first poem to be commented upon is London by William Blake, written a couple of decades before the second poem written by William Wordsworth. William Blake negatively describes London and uses the first person narrative to make it seem as if it were him wandering the lonely streets of London. He creates a woeful and miserable impression of the capital city of England. I†¦show more content†¦This is another exaggeration of the feeling that the miserable people of are wandering around the streets with chains attached to them. These chains are purely imaginary on Blakes part, exaggerating his bitterness and negative opinion of London. In the third stanza, Blake criticizes the Church with the following line: Every blackening Church appalls I think he is actually criticizing the Church leaders, saying they are hypocrites for ignoring the problems faced by the people of London. He uses the word cry again which indicates the hardships that people endured. He also mentions the cry of an unhappy soldier and accuses the Palace of purposely ignoring this problem. The soldiers who risk their lives in war to protect their country feel that they have very little or even nothing worthwhile to return home to after the war. I think he could also be referring to the cries of all the people of London and the whole situation, not just the remorse felt by the soldiers. How the youthful Harlots curse, Blasts the new-born Infants tear In the last stanza of this poem, Blake refers to the young prostitute and her suffering, because the existence of prostitution suggests the society is immoral. The curse he refers to is probably a sexually transmitted disease that the prostitute could be carrying or spreading. This suggests that the city of London is oneShow MoreRelatedComparison of London by William Blake and Lines Composed upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth1105 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of London by William Blake and Lines Composed upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth Earth has nothing to show more fair, taken from William Wordsworths Lines composed upon Westminster Bridge, could not be more of a contrast to the way William Blake describes what he sees in his poem London. William Wordsworth and William Blake both wrote their poems within a very similar time, yet they are completely different in all aspects. Lines composed upon WestminsterRead MoreComparison Between â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth850 Words   |  4 PagesComparison between â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth The city of London has inspired many poets throughout the ages. Two of the most distinctive portrayals are William Blake’s â€Å"London† published in Songs of Experience in 1974 and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802† by William Wordsworth. While both Blake and Wordsworth comment on the conflict between appearance and reality, Blake shows the gloomy ugliness by taking down London’sRead More Comparing Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth and London by William Blake1459 Words   |  6 PagesComparison between William Blake and William Wordsworth’s Views of London William Blake grew up in the slums of London and this is shown in his poem, he wrote his poem in the slums and back alleys of London as he never had very much money. He describes London as being â€Å"charter’d†, this gives us the impression that everything has rules and boundaries in London, and that there is no mystery to be discovered. Also chartered means on a map, almost as if it is owned, by the king perhaps. The lineRead MoreA Comparison Between William Wordsworths Upon Westminster Bridge and William Blakes London1006 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison Between William Wordsworths Upon Westminster Bridge and William Blakes London The English Romantic period spanned between 1789 and 1824. This period was not so-called until the mid 19th century when readers began to see six different poets as part of the same movement. These poets were William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Shelly and John Keats. Some aspects of Romantic poetry were; there was an increasing interest Read More Comparing William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge and William Blakes London1181 Words   |  5 Pagesand Contrast William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge and William Blakes London William Wordsworth and William Blake wrote poems about London, but they presented their views from different angles. Wordsworth sees the beauty in London and Blake sees only the ugliness. William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge gives a step-by-step look at the awe-inspiring beauty of a London sunrise, whereas William Blakes London shows the dreary ugliness of London life by takingRead More How London is Portrayed in Composed upon Westminster Bridge and London531 Words   |  3 PagesHow London is Portrayed in Composed upon Westminster Bridge and London William Wordsworths poem, Composed upon Westminster Bridge written in 1904 looks at the positive side of London city and it natural Beauty. Whereas William Blake wrote the poem, London in 1794, the poem is negative towards authority and politics. The theme of the two poems is the city of London and how different people preserve it. All bright and glittering in the smokeless air (line 8) is a romantic viewRead MoreComposed Upon Westminster Bridge By William Wordsworth And London1003 Words   |  5 PagesThe two poems ‘Composed upon Westminster Bridge’ by William Wordsworth and ‘London’ by William Blake’s both show sharp contrasting views about the city of London. Wordsworth sees the beauty in London whilst Blake only sees the ugliness. It is through these different perspectives of London that both poets present their ideas of nature, darkness and suffering. In ‘London’, Blake portrays a gloomy perspective of London, whereas in ‘Composed upon Westminster Bridge’ Wordsworth’s tone is bright andRead More Comparing Composed upon Westminster Bridge versus London Essay527 Words   |  3 PagesThese two poems are both written about London, one titled London is written by William Blake. The other Composed up Westminster Bridge is written by William Wordsworth. Even though these poems are written on the same setting, they are opposite sides of a coin. London shows the appearance of the city from the position of an onlooker, it shows the suffering of the common man. Westminster Bridge tackles a different view point, it portrays London as the city really is. The rich upper classesRead MoreComparing the Poets Use of Language To Present Their View of London in Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by Wordsworth and London by Blake1571 Words   |  7 PagesTheir View of London in Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by Word sworth and London by Blake London was, is and undoubtedly always will be, a city of enormous interest and controversy, especially for those employed in the field of writing. The two poems, Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, 1802, by William Wordsworth and London, 1794, by William Blake, demonstrate this through their opposing views. The intention of both William Blake and William Wordsworth was to portrayRead MoreWilliam Blake And William Wordsworth1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthose poets are William Blake and William Wordsworth. Although Blake was a contemporary of the era, he had a little in common with Wordsworth. Religion is the focus of Blake’s visionary works, which does not exist in any other Romantic poetry. William Blake uses satire in most of his work to criticize the corrupting influence of religion on imagination. For Wordsworth, nature was like a religion. He talks about his own spiritual life when he refers to nature. According to Wordsworth, being alive meant

Principles of Conducting Clogistics Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Conducting Clogistics Management. Answer: Introduction The report presents a brief overview of the logistics management. The Golden bridge food manufacturing company has been selected for the report. The report explains and analyzes the order cycle and inventory management. It describes the various theories of logistics management. It also explains the core functional areas of interface and its approaches. It also describes the economic order quantity. It is the well-known food company which is dealing in various food products. The company was founded in 1993 in Singapore. The company is manufacturing several western and eastern products under its own name in Singapore. The firm is dealing in stuffed fish, sausages, and seafood and hams products since 20 years. The company is obtained ISO 22000 and HACCP certification in Singapore. It is one of the biggest achievements for the firm. Through this certificate, the company is able to make a different image in the market. HACCP certificate and good quality of products are the unique strength s of the association. Further, the company is producing the unique and good quality of products. The firm products differ from the competitor's products in Singapore. It is serving its products in more than 9 countries across the world. The firm is producing innovative products in order to meet long-term success and growth in the market. It looks after the tastes, preferences, and expectations of the customers to meet the goals and objectives of the company. It provides the safe working environment to the employees. Further, the company maintains the hygiene standards and food safety in the market to attract the more customers across the world. It provides the career advancement opportunities to the employees. After various researches, it has been found that the company is overcoming on the competitors with its effective strategies and good quality of food. It prefers the demand and choices of the customers and provides healthy and hygiene food to them (Fernie Sparks, 2014). The interface is a term which is concerned with the technique that is helpful for Golden Bridge Foods Manufacturing Company. This Company set an Interaction among various related aspects, Department and the factor of Company. According to this report logistic management of the company is concerned with entire Activities which are discussed below (Bosona Gebresenbet, 2013). Processing of Food Including Position of requested Orders. Text Messages Broadcasting and processing Dispatch and Forwarding Changing/Cancelling already dispatch orders. Adding/removing transport objects Visualizing and recording activities Processing of the actual time ( arrival/ departure time, start/Finish of work) Thus, Interface is a technique which helps the company to communicate and interact with various issues of the company. According to this report, logistic management of an organization is a way to function in all departments of the company. It can relate to accounting, finance, marketing or even production. The entire interfaces play a vital role in logistics management. One can be the interface of any of the department of the company. The three core functional areas of logistics management have discussed below (Christopher, 2016). Production department interface The production department is responsible for checking and maintaining the productivity of the materials produced. The production is done in such a manner that it becomes easy to market. The smooth productivity helps the company to achieve its set goals and objectives. The cost and quantity are an important function of productivity. It is checked at the time of producing the units. The number of units at the time of production is checked by the managers and the cost of production is set accordingly (Seuring, 2013). Production at Golden bridge foods manufacturing limited is done by analyzing that how the company follows production system. The companys span of time becomes a major issue. If it turns out to be within short time period, the product is rejected. Therefore, the company has to make its step towards the process of production through proper planning. It becomes necessary for the company to change the cost of production at the time of production procedure according to the product (Caunhye, Nie Pokharel, 2012) Marketing department interface The logistics management in the marketing department is a way of knowing the department that affects the marketing process. The logistic department and the marketing activities have different perspectives which show the relationship between the companies (Seuring Gold, 2012). Mainly the company focuses on four main perspectives while interfacing with the market. They have been discussed below. Traditionalist Relabeling Unionist Intersections The company has faced different types of changes while market interfacing. The traditional views of the market are analyzed and evaluated by the firm. It shows that the marketing activities and logistic activities are completely different from each other. They follow no interface between each other. The perspective of Re-labeling perspective talks about the relation of the two activities by analyzing the market in a larger fraction. The Unionist as the name suggests and it talks about both the activities together. It collectively administrates the presentation of the company (Ngai, Leung, Wong, Lee, Chai Choi, 2012). Accounting and finance department interface The interface between the accounting and finance department is one of the very important interfaces. It deals with checking the firms accounts and the finance sector. It tells about the economic benefits that the firm goes through. The Golden bridge foods manufacturing company also takes help of the accounting and finance department. It administers of the companys logistic nature from top to bottom. It gives suggestions to improve the performance of the business in finance and accounting. The companys finance and accounting department investigate and evaluate the overall all expenses and gains done by the company. The Golden bridge foods manufacturing company is looking at the front position to take only some more ladders to cut and administer the added cost (Soysal, Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Meuwissen van der Vorst, 2012). The time from ordering the raw material from the supplier till the product is reached to the customer, the product has to go through many stages like placing the order, then placement information is received, the order is packed and shipped. This period is called order cycle (Hofer, Eroglu Hofer, 2012). In other words, Order cycle time refers to the time period between the insertion of one order and the next order. It is the specific time duration between two orders which are placed in order. The time period between receiving and placing of an order is known as the order lead time. The Golden bridge manufacturing company is using the effective and unique order cycle techniques to meet the goals and objectives of the firm. It is using innovative techniques and method to maintain the order cycle in the company (Subramanian Ramanathan, 2012). The Golden bridge foods manufacturing limited has to go through the same order cycle while supplying its products. The Company uses best technologies and better advancement techniques in order to manage and keep a check on the order process (Kudla Klaas-Wissing, 2012). The following steps are used by the company for managing the best logistic activities of the firm: The placed order is made ready to be shipped after coming from the suppliers. This is the first level of companys production process (Lee Lam, 2012). After the placement of order, it is checked time to time till it does not reach to its customers. The calculating the Economic Order Quality point, the firm evaluates and analyses the minimum stock left in the warehouse, which is the other evaluation technique. Lastly, the order is placed by the company according to the minimum inventory level and the production level of the Golden bridge foods manufacturing limited (Gligor Holcomb, 2012). Key performance indicators (KPIs) of Golden bridge foods manufacturing limited according to the investigation states and the key performance indicators role in the company is to check and measure the performance of the order that is been supplied by the company is reached or not to the customer. The tracking record of the product at every step of the process is checked and is updated to the customer (Barney, 2012). Recommendation for the order cycle Inventory management is very important in any business. It is recommended for every firm to maintain an inventory to keep the extra units that are required in future, safe. It is a method of estimating the amount of stock left in the business and the number of units to be called later. The Golden Bridge foods manufacturing limited maintains a proper inventory. It manages the record of the amount of inventory left and the number of units further needs to be called as an inventory (Sarkar Sarkar, 2013). The process of managing the inventory by the company is commendable. They work with perfection with managing the stock in the warehouse. Some recommendation has been suggested for the improvement in the management with respect to the techniques of inventory management which have been discussed below. This technique of inventory management checks and measures the amount of stock left in the warehouse. It is recommended to call for more stock only when there is a minimum amount of stock is left in the warehouse. This is valuable as to meet the companys inventory management system effectively and efficiently (Crdenas-Barrn, Chung Trevio-Garza, 2014). The fixed order point stands for fixed order point. This technique of inventory management is recommended in the company because it allows maintaining the fixed amount of units of the product left in the inventory. This is done to match the units sold with that of units left in the warehouse as a stock. The fixed order time refers to the fixed time. This technique of inventory management is recommended so that the company can order the number of units to keep it as a stock within a fixed time. The company is asked to give a timely call to the suppliers to make the units ready for supply. This allows the company to meet the requirements of the customers (Borio, 2014). Conclusion The report is based on the significance of the logistics management. Further, it explains the economic order quantity, inventory management and various kinds of interfaces. After various researches, it has been concluded that logistics management is very important for every company. The techniques and strategies of the logistics management that are used by the company is increasing the chances of earning profits and revenue. Further, the recommendation has been given to flourish and expand its business more efficiently and effectively in the market by adopting the various techniques and strategies. The recommendations present in the report will allow the company in reducing the cost and increasing the quality of supply. The economic order quantity and inventory management also play a vital role in logistics management. References Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of supply chain management,48(2), 3-6. Borio, C. (2014). The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?.Journal of Banking Finance,45, 182-198. Bosona, T., Gebresenbet, G. (2013). Food traceability as an integral part of logistics management in food and agricultural supply chain.Food control,33(1), 32-48. Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J., Seuring, S. (2014). Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions.European Journal of Operational Research,233(2), 299-312. Crdenas-Barrn, L. E., Chung, K. J., Trevio-Garza, G. (2014). Celebrating a century of the economic order quantity model in honor of Ford Whitman Harris. Caunhye, A. M., Nie, X., Pokharel, S. (2012). Optimization models in emergency logistics: A literature review.Socio-economic planning sciences,46(1), 4-13. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Fernie, J., Sparks, L. (2014).Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Gligor, D. M., Holcomb, M. C. (2012). Understanding the role of logistics capabilities in achieving supply chain agility: a systematic literature review.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(4), 438-453. Hofer, C., Eroglu, C., Hofer, A. R. (2012). The effect of lean production on financial performance: The mediating role of inventory leanness.International Journal of Production Economics,138(2), 242-253. Kudla, N. L., Klaas-Wissing, T. (2012). Sustainability in shipper-logistics service provider relationships: A tentative taxonomy based on agency theory and stimulus-response analysis.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,18(4), 218-231. Lee, C. K. M., Lam, J. S. L. (2012). Managing reverse logistics to enhance sustainability of industrial marketing.Industrial Marketing Management,41(4), 589-598. Ngai, E. W. T., Leung, T. K. P., Wong, Y. H., Lee, M. C. M., Chai, P. Y. F., Choi, Y. S. (2012). Design and development of a context-aware decision support system for real-time accident handling in logistics.Decision support systems,52(4), 816-827. Sarkar, M., Sarkar, B. (2013). An economic manufacturing quantity model with probabilistic deterioration in a production system.Economic Modelling,31, 245-252. Seuring, S. (2013). A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), 1513-1520. Seuring, S., Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content-analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 544-555. Soysal, M., Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J. M., Meuwissen, M. P., van der Vorst, J. G. (2012). A review on quantitative models for sustainable food logistics management.International Journal on Food System Dynamics,3(2), 136-155. Subramanian, N., Ramanathan, R. (2012). A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management.International Journal of Production Economics,138(2), 215-241.

Monday, April 20, 2020

Of Mice and Men free essay sample

Of Mice and Men chooses to add and remove scenes to emphasize particular themes. He uses cinema graphic techniques to replace the objective third person narrator but maintains the dialogue to effectively confront the responder with Steinbeck’s concern relating to the need for companionship and understanding. Sinise uses imagery development in the novel to explore friendship, loneliness, and sacrifice in the context of the 1930’s rural California during the Great Depression. Garry Sinise interprets the novel version of Mice and Men through his choice to add and remove scenes. This emphasizes the movie so that the audience will feel emotionally attached to the character and creating a deeper understanding of the plot. A critical scene that has been added to the film is the long shot of candy all alone sweeping the ground in overcast skies after his dog was shot. The overcast sky symbolizes the loneliness of candy and his feelings of loss. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This gives a sense of foreboding to the views of his sadness and that maybe something will go wrong. Also the ending long shot of Lenny and George down at the river, after George kills Lenny. In the novella Steinbeck writes that â€Å"the boys† come down to the river to find them however in the film it’s simply George alone. The removal of this scene portrays the shooting being more of a personal matter between George and Lenny. The audience also reflects back to the comment made by candy where he said he should have put his dog down and not left it for someone else to do. The audition and removal of this scene creates a dramatic feeling in the film and allows us to see the close bond George and Lenny shared. However Sinise’s specific film techniques and camera angles show dramatic emphasis on certain sections of the film. Sinise chooses to use a point of view camera angle in the opening scene of the film to create a feeling for the viewers so the audience sees is what the character sees. Close up shots are used to allow the audience to feel the emotions of the character and the close bond they share. For example when George and Lenny are at the river during the start of the film and also whenever they where fighting it was a close up shot of both their heads together. This symbolizes their bond when together and their differences when fighting and apart. The audience gets a hint into the loneliness that migrant workers feel and how most men traveled alone. Sinise’s use of film techniques and camera angles creates a deeper understanding of each character and there life led during the great depression of the 1930’s. Also Sinise uses available imagery of film to create a well thought out foreshadowing and contrast of the characters. When Lenny kills the white puppy, Curley’s wife is wearing a white dress, which is the only time in the film she wears white. This foreshadows that Curley’s wife is represented as a larger puppy to Lenny. This symbolizes they both have the same fate. In the same scene when Lenny kills Curley’s wife a white bird flies out of the barn, this symbolizes they are going to heaven. Lenny runs away and will soon go to heaven too. Through Sinise’s imagery the audience is preparing for the death of Lenny to come and gain an understanding of what is to come. Therefore Sinise’s interpretation of John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men Garry to visually confront the responder with both the possiblitities offered by human understanding and the sorrow of its loss. However the films final shots of Lennie and George walking down the road lessens the tradedy of Steinbeck’s ending. Of Mice and Men free essay sample The American Dream is a dream of a land in which life should be better, richer, and fuller and with opportunity for each. It is a dream of social order in which each man and woman should be able to achieve the fullest rank of which they are capable of, and be recognized for what they are, regardless of the circumstances of birth or position. Of Mice and Men takes place in the 1930s of America during the Great Depression. The American dream is a significant motif in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men both Lennie and George stay optimistic about achieving the dream, ‘We’d have plenty of rabbits. George says this to Lennie to keep his spirits up for the future. George says ‘We’d’ which is future tense and the future tense gives him the motivation to attain the dream. . Nevertheless, the dream is never fulfilled, and the characters who have counted on it are the ones who are the most devastated. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Slims comfort at the end You hadda George, indicates the sad truth that one has to surrender ones dreams in order to survive. The characters with the highest status and power don’t seem to rely on the American dream as much as the characters with a lower status. From the descriptions of the characters, we see from the start who has a higher status and who would be valued more on the ranch. When slim is first mentioned to George and Lennie Candy talks very highly of him. â€Å"Hell of a nice fella. Slim don’t need to wear no high-heeled boots on a grain team† This being said about Slim from someone who works under him, shows that Slim is respected. He doesn’t have to wear â€Å"high-heeled boots† in order to get authority. He already has it, and the respect of the men. The second physical description of Slim is the first time George and Lennie see him. Tall man stood in the doorway. He held a crushed Stetson hat under his arm while he combed his long, black, damp hair straight back. . . .When he had finished combing his hair he moved into the room, and he moved with a majesty only achieved by royalty and master craftsmen. He was a jerkline skinner, the prince of the ranch’ His height is mentioned which can b e a representation of his status on the ranch. ‘He combed his long, black, damp hair straight back’ this shows that he is well groomed and cares about his outer appearance. This also gives the reader a sense of what he looks like. Steinbeck says ‘he moved with a majesty†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ this shows that he moves with the experience of a skilled worker. Slim doesn’t demand respect but is given it this is different in another one of the high ranking character. Curley, the boss son, is an evil character in Steinbecks world. Even Lennie feels the sense of menace when Curley first comes into the bunkhouse. ‘Like the boss he wore high-heeled boots’ this gives Curley more power because since he is the boss’ son he can’t be fired. Curley always has to pick on people who seem weaker than him so he can have the upper-hand. He is very wary of people and will quickly pick out the weakest. When approaching Lennie ‘Curley stepped gingerly close to him. ’ Curley is cautious but seems to miss out on important details because of his obsession with fighting. Steinbeck shows the power and status of some of the characters by what other characters think about them. Candy is the first to inform us of some of the members on the ranch, he warns George and Lennie about Curley. Candy says ‘He’s done quite a bit in the ring. ’ Candy says this as a warning about Curley’s potential violence. Steinbeck may have been telling the reader from the start that Curley was going to be looking for a fight. Obviously Candy was trying to advise them to stay away from Curley perhaps from past experiences. Curley never wants to play fair ‘Curley don’t take chances, he always wins’ he doesn’t play by the rules and will go to whatever lengths to get what he wants. He believes that because he is the boss’ son he is untouchable. When speaking to George and Lennie he addresses Lennie but Lennie was told not to speak by George and George steps in to answer for him. Curley then says ‘he’s got to talk when he’s spoke to. ’ Curley sees this as a sign of disrespect and he believes because of the power he has he can demand that kind of respect he thinks he deserves. Curley’s own wife says he’s ‘not a nice fella. ’ This shows that there is probably own 1 person on the ranch that likes him and that is the boss. Slim is a man who is gifted with charm and a god-like persona. Candy talks about him with great admiration ‘Slim’s a jerkline skinner. Hell of a nice fella’ His fellow workers seem to have a good relationship with him and seem to idolise him. The physical and personality characteristics of Slim epitomize an ideal leader. However Slim is very mysterious he is talked about with so much worship but we never really get to know him. ‘No one knows what Slim can do’ this means like the god-like figure he is portrayed to be nobody knows where his powers reach and what he is capable of. Curley and Slim are 2 important characters who are very different. Slim has an acquired status. He has gained his power by how he acts and the hard work he does. The other works on the ranch look up to him. They see him as their leader. When Candy informs George and Lennie about him he talks about the fact that Slim doesn’t ‘need’ or want to wear expensive or trendy clothes to show people how remarkable he is. Slim works hard and that is what separates him from the boss, who doesn’t work and wears the expensive items. In the sad situation of Candy’s dog having to be shot by Carlson, Slim takes charge. Even though Carlson was the one who was adamant about the idea he still allowed Slim to lead the operation. Steinbeck highlights the point by saying ‘Carlson stepped back and let Slim precede him’ this shows the relationship between Slim and Carlson. Carlson knows hi place on the ranch. All of this goes back to the God-like description of Slim and he lived up to his expectations. Slim has a lot of power and influences the ranch workers in a big way but he sets good examples as a leader. Even Curley doesn’t want to get on Slim’s bad side ‘Well I didn’t mean nothing, Slim. I just ast you’ It seems like Curley doesn’t want Slim to be angry at him and seems to beg for forgiveness. Curley is the opposite of Slim in a lot of ways. Curley didn’t earn his power he was given his power because he is the bosses son. Curley wears one work glove which is filled with Vaseline. Steinbeck uses the work glove to suggest that Curley may be in 2 worlds. He is out all day like the work men but not necessarily doing any work. He is mostly out chasing his wife. He has created a reputation for himself, spreading like secret about the ‘Glove fulla Vaseline’ which shows disrespect for his by believing he can do what he wants with her and then gossip about It later. What Candy has told George about Curley has set him up for very low expectations. It is said ‘Curley is cockier’n ever since he got married. ’ This shows that he thinks he is better than everyone just because he has a woman. He see’s woman as objects like trophies to be won and shown off. He is a very egotistical and aggressive man. Lennie laughs (unintentionally) when Curley is angry and Curley instantly has to get aggressive. He is worried about his reputation being harmed by Lennie laughing at him ‘No son-of a bitch is gonna laugh at me’ so he resorted to violence as to not harm his ego. Of Mice and Men free essay sample In the novella ‘of mice and men’ by John Steinbeck written in 1973, seats in the era of human history known as the Great depression in the 1930’s when Black Americans are marginalized by the white which make them have difficulties in getting jobs. Crooks, the only black American in the group is being disregarded because of his skin color â€Å"Crooks, the negro stable buck, had his bunk in the harness room; a little shed little that leaned off the wall of the barn† (Steinbeck, 67). In this novel, Crooks words to Lennie about loneliness reinforces two themes within the novel which is discrimination and racism. There is a lot of racial prejudice shown in Of Mice and Men towards Crooks, â€Å"the black and crippled stable buck† (Steinbeck, 66-67). The author, John Steinbeck illustrates racism by the punitive words of Curley’s wife when she states, â€Å"Listen Nigger, she said. You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? Crooks stared hopelessly at her, and then he sat down on his bunk and drew to himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She closed on him. You know what I could do? Crooks seemed to grow smaller, and he pressed himself against the wall. Yes, ma’am. Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny. †(Steinbeck 80-81) The loneliest person on the ranch is Crooks, he suffers from extreme loneliness because of his race, black. He lives alone because none of the men want to make friends with him. He does not take part in any of the social activities in the ranch and he is left out completely. In order to give pictures to Lennie of how unfortunate and miserable his life has been, he gives Lennie a little heartfelt speech. â€Å"Spose you didnt have nobody. Spose you couldnt go into the bunk house and play rummy cause you was black. Howd you like that? Spose you had to sit out here an read books. Sure you could play horseshoes till it got dark, but then you got to read books. Books aint no good. A guy needs somebody-to be near him. A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. Dont make no difference who the guy is, longs hes with you. I tell ya, I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an he gets sick† (Steinbeck, 72) . This shows that he really is desperate and he needs someone to be his friend. He is at a point where he is emotionally torture and really sick of it . He desperately needs someone to talk to and also for company. When Lennie comes over into his room, he doesn’t even care if Lennie listens to him he just eventually talks about his feelings. In a conclusion, Crooks contributes to the central theme of racism and discrimination in this short novella Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck illustrates the loneliness of ranch life in the 1930 and show how Black American are driven to try and fight for friendship in order to escape from loneliness. â€Å"Cause I’m black. They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, you all of you stink to me† (Steinbeck, 68) Crooks wants Lennie to notice that the separation from the other men because of his race is painful. He also wants Lennie to know that people treat him unfairly just because of his skin color is black. Crooks words on loneliness eventually reinforces two themes within the novel, discrimination and racism. Of Mice and Men free essay sample The novella also explores many social attitudes during this era. One of the workers on the ranch in the novella is Slim who is a jerkline skinner. Steinbeck uses Slim’s character in many different ways. â€Å"He is the god like and moved with majesty† people admire him. Lots of people respect him, more than Curley. Curley is given a high social status as he is the boss’s son. Slim is a jerkline skinner. Yet he still has a higher social status due to his personality. In this way Steinbeck uses him as a voice to portray the futile idea of aristocracy and the influence it has over society. Slim wins our hearts with her personality in which Steinbeck a bestowed on him. â€Å"There was a gravity in his manner†¦ all talk stopped when he spoke. † The use of the word gravity implies Slims significance on the ranch. Gravity is the strong force that keeps all the planets together. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This contrasts to Slims good relationship with the members on the ranch and his importance. Yet Curley is given the power, but even he listens to Slim after his fight. He connotes the cruel, harsh, injustice world where money creates the foundation of your image in society not the personality. Steinbeck also uses Slim as a symbol of the theme of masculinity in society. The reputation of 1920s America men was built upon the superficial idea of physical strength and ability. Steinbeck presents Curley with the ideal physical strength required in every stereotypical man. â€Å"He hates big guys. He’s alla time picking scraps with the big guys. Kind of like he’s mad at ‘em because he ain’t a big guy†. The introduction to Curley emphasises on his short temper and ability to fight. Immediately we are suspicious of Curley’s actions as the plot progresses. This suspicion is proved when Curley wants to shot Lennie after his wife’s death. â€Å"Curley’s gonna wanna shoot ‘him†. We know he will be the downfall of our protagonists George and Lennie. By making Curley the antagonist, Steinbeck is questioning whether society should base personality on these petty stereotypes. When Curley fights with Lennie, he does not tell anyone to protect with dignity. This contrast to Slim: â€Å"His hands, large and lean, were as delicate in their action as those of a temple dancer. The simile of the temple dancer ontrasts with the size of his hands. By a comparison with a slightly feminine quality despite his talents, Steinbeck shows how vain the idea of masculinity was. Both Slim and Curley has the masculine side, however as the reader we respect Slim more not because of his masculine strength but through his way treating others and his idyllic personality. If masculinity was more significant, Curley would not be the antagonist. Slim also breaks the social boundaries of 1930s America through his treatment of others and inability to follow the prejudice and injustice emphasised in the novella. One way in which this is shown is through is through his relationship with Crooks. Racism was one of the main social issues in 1930s America and Steinbeck also portrays it as a theme in the novella. Due to racism, Crooks is isolated from the rest of the ranch workers who are white. He lives with the horses and is bitter also â€Å"proud and aloof† due to him being a social outcast. We articulate this from his tone when he is talking to Lennie: â€Å"You got no right to come in my room. This here’s my room. Nobody got any right in here but me†. This tone is also used when speaking to Curley’s wife and Candy. However when he speaks to Slim it is completely juxtaposed: â€Å"‘Mr Slim. ’ Slim took his eyes away from old Candy. ‘Huh? Oh! Hello Crooks. What’s a matter? † The effect of using â€Å"Mr† infers politeness, something Crooks only uses to address Slim. Slim is the only person to refer to Crooks by his name rather than â€Å"Stable Buck† or the offensive term of â€Å"nigger†. This shows that Slim has a good moral which creates good relationships with the ranch workers. Slim’s good nature towards Crooks causes Crooks to respect Slim. This shows that what Crooks dreams of is very simple; respect and rights. Steinbeck shows how treatment of others influences everyday life and personality. By avoiding society’s social sterotypes, Slim’s character is accentuated o the reader. Slim is still highly respected despite avoiding stereotypes. Due to Slim’s good treatment of others and good morals, this causes him to interact with George and Lennie easily and resulting in him understanding the tragedy at the end. â€Å"You wouldn’t tell? No, ‘course you wouldn† George wastes no time into trusting Slim’s good character. He tells Slim of the incident in Weed and of Lennie’s character. He risks losing his job by confiding in Slim, knowing if Slim tells it would be sacked due to Lennie. Jobs were very rare in the Great Depression and they staked their lives for it. Despite this risk, Slim understands George and instead of telling and putting them at risk, he gives Lennie a puppy keeping him happy and joyful. The rest of the ranch workers are hostile towards Lennie due his child-like personality and not fulfilling the stereotypical man. When George shoots Lennie, Slim says: â€Å"You hadda, George. I swear you hadda. Come on with me. George shoots Lennie out of an act of mercy; Lennie’s death is a paradox of being cruel to be kind. Slim’s confrontation and ability to understand people means he understands Lennie’s weakness. He therefore understands why George did it. â€Å"But Curley’s gonna wanna shoot ‘im. Curley’s still made about his hand. An’ suppose they lock him up an’ strap him down and put him in a cag e†. Slim knows that Lennie won’t survive prison. George kills Lennie out of mercy killing whereas Curley would kill him out of spite and revenge. Both Slim and George know that Lennie doesn’t deserve a cruel death. This event links with the death of the extra puppies and Candy’s dog. Slims knows that the dog was a liability and would be better off dead than suffering and the puppies would die out of hunger anyway. This shows his ability to think practically as well as understanding. In conclusion, despite Slim being the idyllic character due to his kind nature and personality, Steinbeck also shows that even Slim lives a harsh life. !930s America and the depression were cruel times. The dangers of farm work are shown from Candy and Crooks’s disability, this harsh life is also shown through his practical understanding in the novella.

Sunday, March 15, 2020

Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essays

Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essays Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essay Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essay 1: A) Indicate the Indians’ puzzlement over the ways of the white men. The line â€Å"and I don’t understand† is using repeatition through the story and conveys the confusion and puzzlement over the white men’s ways. B) Show the Indians’ disapproval of the whites’ treatment of land. Phrases like â€Å"there is no quiet place in the white man’s cities† display the disapproval the Indians have over the whites’ treatment. C) Words that show the importance to the Indians of their ancestors’ graves Sentences like â€Å"Our dead never forget this beautiful earth† and â€Å"The water’s murmur is the voice of father’s father. Portray the importance of their ancestors’ graves and how the Indians feel about it. 2: a) How does the Indian see the idea of selling and buying land? The Indian sees selling and buying land as wrong and unnatural. The land is one with man and shouldn’t be abused. b) What condition does the chief set upon selling his land? The condition is for the white man to take care of the land and teach the future generations of how the land came to be and what it will be in future times. c) How does the Indian regard all living things The Indian reveres all living things as being the soul of the earth. If man replaces the living things with man-made apparatus the soul of the earth will die. 3: a) The Indian is mainly interested in little things like â€Å"every shining pine needle† and â€Å"humming insect† b) The Indian was silly enough to think the train was a â€Å"smoking iron horse† c) The Indian’s hearing was acute enough to hear sounds such as â€Å"the unfurling of leaves of Spring† These quotes are misleading because without the framework the writer intended the quote sounds shallow and insubstantial. But also taking the quotes too literally when really the author is using a metaphor. 4: a) â€Å"The Great Chief sends word he will reserve us a place so that we can live comfortably to ourselves† b) â€Å"I have seen a thousand rotting buffaloes on the prairie, left by the white man who shot them from a passing train† c) â€Å"Even the white man whose God walks and talks to him as friend to friend cannot be exempt from the common destiny† 5: The misquote is the first one with the correct quote being â€Å"The shining water that moves in the streams and rivers is not just water but the blood of our ancestors† 6: a) This quote is patronising. The writer stating almost obviously that he finds the Great Chief wrong. b) This quote is a comment on how the white man would assume that the red man has no idea because he is a savage. c) The white man sees himself as very different yet the writer feels they may have more in common than the white man thinks.

Friday, February 28, 2020

Lady Mary Worley Turkish Embassy letters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lady Mary Worley Turkish Embassy letters - Essay Example ’Tis very easy to see they have more liberty than we have†. (Montagu 1718, XXIX). Turkish ladies must cover themselves from head to toe whenever they leave the house. This conceals their identity, leaving them free to undertake whatever activities they desire. The women conduct affairs while never revealing their identity to their lovers. The idea of women conducting extra-marital affairs was taboo in Western society at the time. The writer remarks that the difference in religion aids this. Islam does not preach punishment for marital infidelities, unlike Christianity. The women are free to conduct their affairs without moral guilt or fear of discovery. She challenges the conception that Islam oppresses women by stating that it does not preach damnation and hellfire for women who have affairs. The writer describes Turkish women as â€Å"the freest on earth†. The writer redefines the concept of the veil, a symbol of oppression and restriction to Westerners. The vei l sets the women free, giving them much more freedom than their Western counterparts. Turkish husbands dare not marry four wives even though their religion allows it. This contradicts the popular view that Islamic custom favors men by allowing polygamy. The women have the power to prevent the men from taking up extra wives. Turkish women own property, with some of them accumulating vast wealth. Women owning property was unheard of in England. Turkish women command respect from the men and are the last word in household affairs. They do not tolerate infidelity in their husbands; any man who desires a mistress has to keep it secret. Another strange custom the writer observes pertains to divorce. When a man who had divorced his wife wants her back, he has to let her spend a night with another man. This contradicts another popular notion that Islamic men wield all the power in divorce. The divorce must be thoroughly thought out and not done on a whim. The consequences of divorcing on wh im are painful for the man who wants his wife back. The writer once more challenges the view of Islamic women as oppressed. The women conduct marital affairs yet the men cannot. This is a reversal of Western culture where sexual expression was allowed in men but frowned upon in women. The women have their own private space, the harems, where men cannot interfere. They are waited upon by slaves and live lavish, pampered lives. In one of many descriptions of the lavish life in Turkey, Montagu writes; â€Å"The sofas were covered with cushions and rich carpets on which sat the ladies† (Montagu 1718, XXVI). The women have everything they desire and more. The quality of their lives is better than that of their Western counterparts. In letter XXVI, the writer narrates her experience in a Turkish bathhouse. The experience can only be described by a woman, as no men are allowed inside them on pain of death. She describes the mannerisms of the women there as courteous, pleasant and we lcoming. She contrasts them with women back home who are snide, spiteful and disdainful. The reception she gets from the Turkish women is nothing short of civil. Her visits to the wives of the grand vizier and the sultan reinforce the notion of courtesy, kindness and civility in Turkish women.

Wednesday, February 12, 2020

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care Assignment

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care - Assignment Example Principles of Costing and Business Control Systems May Be Adopted in BUPA The strategy of any company depends on a number of risks and uncertainties. Emphasising this particular concern, BUPA has engaged efficient risk managers who are bestowed with the responsibility to improve the credibility of the organisation in mitigating risks within the business environment. A proper costing requires sources from its stakeholders including the non-financial staff members. In this process, the staff members associated in different fields of operations can also contribute in the accurate computation of effective costing. Thus, staff members from within and outside the finance department must also be engaged, being stakeholders of the company, in order to identify the accuracy and relevancy of costing in the organisation as per the Principle 1 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013 (Monitor, 2013). BUPA must also adopt this approach throughout the organisation in a consistent manner. This approac h will help the organisation to analyze the various accounting method such as cost submission and comparison as per the Principle 2 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013. The costing principle, that is Principle 3, must be very much accurate in terms of its data. BUPA must be conscious of the accuracy of the data such as patient’s data, clinical staff’s performance data and the data of the trial balance or ledger of the organisation. The costing principle of BUPA must be oriented towards the material costs as per the Principle 4 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013. It must focus on the high costs material, accuracy to be required for costing purposes and calculate the expenditure required in the material costs of the organisation. The costing principle must be based on the needs of the patients. In a health care organisation, the needs of the patients must be understood to enable effective costs. This understanding will improve the relation between the health workers and patients and in return create a positive impact on the financial aspect of the organisation following Principle 5 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013. Again as per principle 6 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013, every organisation must adopt a transparent costing system. It provides the organisation with complete assurance and develops the trustworthiness of the resources which will promote the workers with greater service delivery to their patients (Monitor, 2013). 1.2. Main Heads/ Income for BUPA in Last Financial Year The total attributable equity to the holders of the parent company of BUPA Care homes was recorded to be ?333,070,000. The major heads of income for BUPA in the last financial year were the economic capital, operational activities, funding and reserves for financial and taxation expenses. It is worth to be noted in this context that BUPA always maintains a proper capital so that it can be utilised to meet the organisational liabilities in the coming future and thereby preserve the liquidity of the company. Similarly, the other head in the income statement of BUPA can be identified as the funding generated by the company, which signifies the liquidity of BUPA and the availability of funds at any time of requirement. Notably, BUPA prepares its financial statement in accordance with the guidelines prescribed under the International Financial Reporting Standards, which in turn helps to give a true and

Friday, January 31, 2020

Cross-cultural Communication Essay Example for Free

Cross-cultural Communication Essay In order to accomplish the task I decided to interview my friend from Italy who arrived to the USA after having won a language competition to live and study here and whom I recently visited in Italy. So, below you may see some differences and similarities of American and Italian culture. First of all he decided to rent a car since it was more convenient than a train or other transportation vehicle. He noted that there are almost no pedestrians in the streets as everybody drives a car. Also, he stated that American people take care of their life as no other culture in the world because they have a list of emergency calls in every household and therefore are rightfully scared to death of Italian drivers. The system of driving in Italy is almost beyond American understanding. The basic difference is that Americans like lanes and pretty much expect everybody to stay in one. Italy does not work like this at all. Instead they use a surprisingly tolerant system of swerving, tail gating, and other go-as-you-please driving etiquette that Americans would be driven to homicidal road rage by if it happened in the hometown. Traveling through Italy American person will never see anyone irritated or aggressive while driving. Italians just casually drive like maniacs and know that everyone else is too. Along the way, they adore chatting and laughing with each other. As a huge generalization Italians are very attractive people. It felt like people are living in an Armani commercial. But as he says they smoke everywhere, all the time. As expected, he liked American food everywhere: in restaurants, in coffee shops, etc. although he was more accustomed to have a dessert and a thimble of coffee. It was quite a surprise for him to reveal that dinners last an hour or an hour and a half at most while in Italy they go on for hours. Time in general moves differently in the USA, as he says. In the USA days start earlier than according to the Italian standards. In Italy the whole country shuts down from one oclock to three or four oclock every afternoon. There is also a great difference in architecture of these two cultures. Italy is full of narrow streets, plazas and buildings. He says if you want to live in an apartment that is several hundred years old and is probably built on top of even older building you can do it. In the USA it is hard to find something older than about 200 years old. In my essay I would like to refer to the idea of the context of situation (Kramsch 25) that includes three major parts: o The field of discourse o The tenor of discourse o The mode of discourse The field of discourse covers the situation of visiting another country and penetrating into its culture. The tenor implies the participants, while the mode includes the role of the language in this situation. Therefore, it would be appropriate to note that Italian tradition of driving may serve as a good example of the context of situation. First of all, it involves such important factors as high level of emotionality, hot weather, narrow streets, and their somewhat confusing location. As the tenor of discourse investigates the members of the situation, it is necessary to mention here the importance of the origin of the participants. As we may see from the interview and from my own experience Italians and Americans drive in completely different way and both of them believe that their driving tradition is the best and most convenient. In conclusion, I may add that cultural diversity implies different traditions that require understanding, open-mindness, and tolerance. References Kramsch, Claire. (2003). Language and Culture (4th edition). New York: Oxford University Press.